Ankle foot orthosis or commonly known as AFOs are used in the treatment of disorders that affect muscle function. Foot drop caused by stroke, spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, polio and multiple sclerosis. AFOs can be used to provide support to weak or wasted limbs or the ankle brace can position a limb with tight, contracted muscles into a more normal position. An AFO is also used to immobilize the ankle and lower leg in the presence of arthritis or fracture, and to correct foot drop. An AFO is also referred to as a Drop Foot Brace.
Therapists often recommend, and physicians frequently prescribe the ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) for patients with gait deviations that relate to muscle weakness. The AFO substitutes for weak dorsiflexors during swing and, more importantly, for weak plantar flexors during stance. The AFO's effect on supporting the forefoot and preventing plantar flexion or foot drop during swing is straightforward. Less obvious is the AFO's role as a substitute for plantar flexor muscles. The plantar flexors must be active during midstance and terminal stance to counter the dorsiflexor moment that is produced by the ground reaction force. If the plantar flexors are weak, the ankle dorsiflexes too rapidly and, because the lower extremity is positioned in a closed chain, the knee flexes. Midstance knee flexion threatens the person's stability. Someone with weak plantar flexors must compensate, or must wear an external device (an orthosis) that substitutes the force that the plantar flexors ordinarily provide.
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